Although the Vajdahunyad Castle in the City Park may look like a historical building telling eerie tales, dating back to the medieval times, the Budapest Vajdahunyad Castle was in fact built over a 100 years ago for the 1000th birthday of the Hungarian State in 1896 for the Millennial Exhibition, along with such Budapest attractions as the Millennial Monument on Heroes’ Square, or the Fisherman’s Bastion on the Buda Castle Hill.
The main venue of the 1896 Millennial Expo of Budapest was the City Park (Varosliget). And if you expect to visit a Haunted Castle, facing the dark side of history with vampires, phantoms and ghosts, you will be slightly disappointed to learn that the castle is a friendly museum of agriculture, and has never been an actual royal or noble residence. But still a great place to visit! And let’s the history of the building.
HISTORY
The whole nation was in a feverish preparation to celebrate the 1000th birthday, but, despite all hurried work, the Expo had to be held one year later (Hungarian astronomists set the date of the Magyar Conquest in 895, so the Exhibition was in fact the 1001th birthday).
The original building of the Vajdahunyad Castle (officially called in 1896 the Historical Building Complex, i.e. Tortenelmi Epuletcsoport) was just a temporary structure made of wooden planks and cardboard designs. Even its plain name was descriptive signifying that it is nothing more than a complex of various historical buildings. Ignac Alpar designed the building of Vajdahunyad Var, which is actually the name of an old Hungarian Gothic Castle in Hunyadvar hence Vajda-Hunyadvar (Hunyadvar was part of Austria-Hungary before 1919, now found in Romania).
But the Hungarians loved the building so much that it was eventually built from permanent materials (between 1904 and 1908), much to our great pleasure: now you can see stained windows, elaborately painted vaulted ceilings, marble staircases, etc.
The name ‘Vajdahunyad Castle’ was not meant to stand for the whole building, but it was used so frequently by local residents – based on the most striking part of the complex – that the name Vajdahunyad Var eventually stayed with it.
The aim of building Vajdahunyad Castle was to showcase the beautiful and long history of the Magyars through its architectural treasures, picking some of the most outstanding buildings and details from all over Hungary (at that time part of the huge Austro-Hungarian Empire, which is significant in a sense that some of the buildings now you see in the showcase castle are outside the borders of Hungary).
Blending Styles in Vajdahunyad Castle
The concept of Vajdahunyad Castle Budapest was to blend the various architectural styles into one composite castle. The design of Ignac Alpar contains the architectural details of 21 buildings, some only in minor additions, while others as main characters.
The castle has three main parts architecturally:
Romanesque Middle Ages in Vajdahunyad Castle Budapest
The oldest part of the Vajdahunyad Castle is the Romanesque style from the 11th – 13th century in Hungary. The Church of Jak village is located in western Hungary, near the Austrian border, and is in fact a huge basilica, which cannot be seen in the Vajdahunyad Castle where only the fascinating gate was copied rather than the whole building.
The Church of Jak was in fact the monumental basilica of the Benedictine monastery, most probably finished in 1256. The church was picked as the best representation of the Romanesque architecture in Hungary (somehow it managed to survive the many battles against the Ottoman Turks, the fires and other damages). The church in Jak was considerably restored in the late 19th century by Frigyes Schulek, the designer of the Fisherman’s Bastion (which was inspired by the Romanesque style).
The exact replica of the Portal of the Church of Jak shows the characteristic church gates of the 11th and 12th century, already blending in with the Gothic style where the portal was the main location for adding sculpted figures and images of the Bible.
You can see the elaborate carved Portal with narrowing ‘gates’ embedded into each other. This is the main gate of the church decorated with geometric Norman style motifs. Over the portal, you can see Jesus on the throne sided by two angels.
Gothic Architecture in Vajdahunyad Castle Budapest
Then comes the Gothic age, the 14th -15th century, most stikingly represented by the Castle of Vajdahunyad, whose characteristic turrets and wooden beams strike the visitors as the leading theme. No wonder the whole structure of the castle has been named after the Gothic part – by the locals.
Vajdahunyad Castle, thought by many the home of Count Dracula, was once a part of the Hungariarn state (the Austro-Hungarian Empire), called the King of Castles. Thus it was chosen in 1896 to represent the best example of Hungarian Gothic. Now if you look for it on the map, you need to google Hunedoara (Hunyadvar in Hungarian) to find it in Transylvania, Romania, where the magnificent historical castle stands on a rock soaring over the river Zlasti.
Renaissance and Baroque in Vajdahunyad Castle Budapest
The 16th – 18th century Renaissance and Baroque buildings are blended exquisitely, merging the elements of rich palaces in royal Hungary and Austria Hungary. The Baroque building is the main home of the Museum of Agriculture.
The Baroque palace is the replica of Austrian palaces in the Austro-Hungarian empire. The cupola over the main entrance was inspired by the Karoly Gate in Gyulafehervar. The Katalin Gate is from Brasov (Brasso in Hungarian, Kronstadt in German), with the balcony from the Town Hall of Bartfa. The German facade viewed from the lake reflects the German architectural style with sgrafittos, featuring the 50 meter tall German Tower topped with an onion dome (often found in Eastern Europe, Germany, Austria, Russia, etc. from eastern influences). The early French renaissance influence is shown on the French Tower with a dolphin atop.
CURRENT SITUATION
Museum of Agriculture in Vajdahunyad Castle
The building of Vajdahunyad Var in the City Park has always been the home of the Hungarian Agricultural Museum, since 1897. The Museum (Magyar Mezogazdasagi Muzeum) is in fact the biggest agricultural museum in Europe. There are 8 permanent exhibitions in the museum with detailed historical exhibits of the main aspects of agriculture, Wine Making, Fishing, Gardening, Animal Breeding, Forestry, Environmentalism, etc. and also an exhibition about the History of Hungarian Farming / Animal Husbandry. Permanent exhibitions are always on, extended by exhibits of temporary displays of various topics (e.g. Water, the Source of Life, or the History of the Legendary Hungarian Race Horse, Kincsem)
In addition to the exhibitions, the Museum hosts a wide range of cultural festivals (Carnival, Christmas Market), food fairs, wine events, concerts, children activities, etc.
